See ciel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bourguignon",
"lang_code": "roa-brg",
"word": "cier"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "syèl"
},
{
"lang": "Mauritian Creole",
"lang_code": "mfe",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "lesiel"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "ciel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "ciel"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "ciel"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "cyil"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "cyi"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "syel"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "cir"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"caelum",
"caelum#Latin"
],
[
"caelus",
"caelus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:caelum"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kailom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caelum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"ciel\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"ciel\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "caelum"
},
"expansion": "Latin caelum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "caelus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin caelus",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:caelum"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin caelum. The nominative singular derives from attested Vulgar Latin caelus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciel oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "cieus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciex",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciels",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciex",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciels",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciel",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "ciel oblique singular, m (oblique plural cieus or ciex or ciels, nominative singular cieus or ciex or ciels, nominative plural ciel)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sky"
],
"id": "en-ciel-fro-noun-BfUU-ufK",
"links": [
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 16 11 4 16 10 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 16 11 4 16 10 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 2 22 14 2 22 2 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 2 22 14 2 22 2 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heaven"
],
"id": "en-ciel-fro-noun-gY7-RqbC",
"links": [
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtsi͡ɛl/"
}
],
"word": "ciel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Old French entries with etymon",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kéh₂ilos",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bourguignon",
"lang_code": "roa-brg",
"word": "cier"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "syèl"
},
{
"lang": "Mauritian Creole",
"lang_code": "mfe",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "lesiel"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "ciel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "ciel"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "ciel"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "cyil"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "cyi"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "syel"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "cir"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"caelum",
"caelum#Latin"
],
[
"caelus",
"caelus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:caelum"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kailom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caelum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"ciel\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"ciel\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "caelum"
},
"expansion": "Latin caelum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "caelus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin caelus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:caelum"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin caelum. The nominative singular derives from attested Vulgar Latin caelus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciel oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "cieus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciex",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciels",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciex",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciels",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciel",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "ciel oblique singular, m (oblique plural cieus or ciex or ciels, nominative singular cieus or ciex or ciels, nominative plural ciel)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sky"
],
"links": [
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heaven"
],
"links": [
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtsi͡ɛl/"
}
],
"word": "ciel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciel meaning in Old French (3.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'ciel oblique singular or', originally 'ciel oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"ciel"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ciel",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'ciel oblique singular or', originally 'ciel oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"ciel"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ciel",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'ciel oblique singular or' in 'ciel oblique singular, m (oblique plural cieus or ciex or ciels, nominative singular cieus or ciex or ciels, nominative plural ciel)'",
"path": [
"ciel"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ciel",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.